ABSTRACT

Recently, it is time to shift from a reactive attitude that treats patients after the onset of seizures to a proactive one integrated into a broader “P4 medicine” approach in the treatment of epilepsy. Personalized, predictive, preventive, and participatory, this P4 approach puts patients at the center of their care and ultimately aims to prevent the onset of epilepsy. This goal will be achieved by tailoring epilepsy treatments not only to a particular syndrome but also to a particular patient and moving from the usual anti-seizure treatments to individualized treatments designed to target specific etiologies. In this review, we present the current state of this ongoing revolution, highlighting the emergence of the concepts of precision medicine and individualized medicine and its impact on clinical practice in pediatric epilepsies.